I have long known that our global construction industry was highly sand dependent and that this had begun to cause problems. I had no idea it was six tons each for every living human being every year.
Large dams both reduce water flow and trap sediment. There’s less sand. Tremendous droughts, our new normal, leaves reservoirs diminished, and sand production and transport is curtailed even on rivers that are still unimpeded.
The combination of excess dredging and sea level rise pushes salt water up estuaries. Now play this forward … climate change drives drought … a meter of sea level rise pushes the 50% of us that live right on the coast back … and we seek to rebuild the sand based infrastructure that was lost.
Like every other extractive industry, this hits those who are most affected by the practice, who benefit least from it, and whose governments are oblivious, or incapable of stopping it.
Even worse, certain grades of sand need to be used, and if sourced from near a sea, washed.
Using unwashed and untreated salty sand is one of the factors behind the "tofu dreg projects" that became infamous in China.
"Why is the quality of some of these structures so poor? Corruption and graft undoubtedly play a role when project money is skimmed off the top for and by officials, leaving less funding for quality materials, qualified staff, and acceptable workmanship. Additionally, projects are often granted to companies that have more political ties than qualifications. In January, the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate disclosed that bribery and corruption cases increased in 2010, with urban development and rural election issues involved in the majority of cases. From January to August 2011, the Communist Party’s Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announced that 6,800 officials had been prosecuted for corruption in infrastructure projects. "
https://thediplomat.com/2012/02/chinas-dangerous-tofu-projects/
Comment: "The issue with sea sand is not only the contaminants but that is very fine and smooth, is the same reason that desert sand is not used in construction"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8VFi-XMkgc